Read Online Sakhalin Island (Alma Classics) By Anton Chekhov
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Ebook About In 1890, the thirty-year-old Chekhov, already knowing that he was ill with tuberculosis, undertook an arduous eleven-week journey from Moscow across Siberia to the penal colony on the island of Sakhalin. Now collected here in one volume are the fully annotated translations of his impressions of his trip through Siberia and the account of his three-month sojourn on Sakhalin Island, together with his notes and extracts from his letters to relatives and associates.Highly valuable both as a detailed depiction of the Tsarist system of penal servitude and as an insight into Chekhov s motivations and objectives for visiting the colony and writing the exposé, Sakhalin Island is a haunting work which had a huge impact both on Chekhov s career and on Russian society.Alma Classics is committed to make available the widest range of literature from around the globe. All the titles are provided with an extensive critical apparatus, extra reading material including a section of photographs and notes. The texts are based on the most authoritative edition (or collated from the most authoritative editions or manuscripts) and edited using a fresh, intelligent editorial approach. With an emphasis on the production, editorial and typographical values of a book, Alma Classics aspires to revitalize the whole experience of reading the classics.Book Sakhalin Island (Alma Classics) Review :
I’ve recently read a number of Anton Chekhov’s plays. This, coupled with Cédric Gras’ excellent L'hiver aux trousses (Essais - Documents) (French Edition) , which concerned, in part, his modern day travels on Sakhalin Island, proved to be the impetus for me to read Chekhov’s classic travel and ethnographic study of the island, based on his extensive visit in the summer of 1890. Gras found Sakhalin to be a very grim place, in 2014-15. Chekhov also found the island to be a grim place. The fundamental problem is that it is simply too cold for reasonable habitation. It is never warm enough for wheat to ripen properly. The mean temperature is colder than Archangel, on the Arctic Ocean. A place that could only benefit from global warming.Chekhov was both a physician and a writer. He was a keen observer of the human condition who would die far too young, at 44, from tuberculosis, in 1904. His motive for undertaking such an arduous journey to such a grim place is unclear. Speculation covers a range, from the classic “getting one’s mind off one’s domestic problems” to knowing that he was in the early stages of TB, and may not be able to go to such a cold wet climate at a later day. The annoyance of many a modern-day travel – jet lag – would not be a problem, though he crossed seven time zones to get there. He would travel slowly. The Tran-Siberian railroad was still just a “twinkle in the Czar’s eye.” Chekhov would have to do it the hard way, by horse and coach, across the vast Siberian forest called, in Russian, the taiga.He commenced his travels in April, 1890. Muddy roads, flooded meadows and marshlands, and swollen rivers would impede and slow his progress. It would take two and a half months to cross those seven time zones. The first 50 pages covers this trip, with the period June 20 to July 05 inexplicable missing. When Chekhov crossed the Yenisey (which I recently saw in Werner Hertzog’s excellent movie Happy People: A Year in the Taiga ) Chekhov proclaimed that the river was more beautiful than the Volga. From the Amur River basin, he would cross to the village of Alexandrovsk, the principal administrative center on Sakhalin, with approximately 3000 residents, in mid-summer. Earlier explorers had not realized that Sakhalin truly was an island, since the mouth of the Amur extends into the sea, making it shallow with its fluvial.Indentured servants, slaves, and convicts were the designation given to humans who were involuntarily used to settle (and provide that essential cheap labor) in distant lands. Australia, famously, commenced its European settlement as a British penal colony. Sakhalin, which had been explored in the 1860’s, witnessed some efforts at voluntary settlement, all of which failed. The Russians had there only form of Manifest Destiny, and decided the best way to fulfill it was to turn Sakhalin into a penal colony.Chekhov quickly dismisses the northern third of Sakhalin as uninhabitable. (Interestingly, that is where Gras found most of the people, since that is where the oil is!). The middle third, centering on Alexandrovsk, is called “the north.” The south, which Chekhov dismisses as not very “southlike”, are the villages on the southern shore that face Japan’s northern most island, Hokkaido. Chekhov travels all over the inhabited parts, seemingly attempting to visit every village, during his less than three months stay.Chekhov carefully notes the census and “status” of the residents, with the latter ranging from convict to “peasant-in-exile.” Aside from the officials themselves (who were in their own form of exile, compensated for by generous early retirement benefits), “peasant-in-exile” meant that you were essentially free to leave, and return to the mainland, yet one was never permitted to return to their native district in European Russia. I always noted the varying imbalances between men and women. Some of the women were convicts; others had freely accompanied their husbands to prison. Many turned to prostitution to survive. Chekhov faithfully chronicles the depressing filth, poverty and disease. There were two native tribes on the island, the Gilyak in the north, the Ainos in the south. As in other parts of the world, most were wiped out, often by disease, primarily smallpox. There were a high percentage of convicts who attempted escape, including “fake escapes,” meaning they would collude with someone who would “capture” them, and they would split the reward!Chapters 20 and 21 were censored in the first publications. They provide vivid descriptions of the floggings that were administered as punishment, and how much the sadist attendants enjoyed watching them. There were detailed descriptions of hangings, which included how one person was still alive when the other bodies were taken down. The last chapter, fittingly, Dr. Chekhov describes the medical conditions, and means of treatment on the island.There are over a hundred pages of notes, which I found a fascinating read also, and would usually read ahead, covering 10 or so pages of the primary text. There is also a succinct biography of Chekhov’s life.There seemed to be at least a couple inconsistencies in the author’s account. He states that it was too cold for wheat to ripen, yet he does details it being cultivated. Also, the salmon run on the Tym River seemed to be improperly described as to its purpose. Nonetheless, overall, the book is a remarkable achievement by a remarkable man who has inspired the desire for travel to at least one more remote place for a (brief) visit. 5-stars. Not only was Chekhov a medical doctor and a great writer, but, as this book shows, he was also what we would now call a very good data scientist and social researcher. The extent of his research both before and on Sakhalin baffles me. He took a personal census of the prisons and settlements, copied (manually) all the existing data, and interviewed settlers, convicts, and officers. And all these he did on his own expenses and volition. Some of the descriptions can be a bit dry as he himself warned his friends. But there were also ironically funny but sad discussions of the penal administration and the people involved. More than anything, with the data limitation he faced, Chekhov also showed that he was a sharp social analyst attuned to the local conditions. 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